@MastersThesis{Pereira:2019:DeLiMo,
author = "Pereira, Vin{\'{\i}}cius Peripato Borges",
title = "Um novo paradigma de ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o pr{\'e}-colombiana na
Amaz{\^o}nia: detec{\c{c}}{\~a}o com LiDAR e modelagem da
ocorr{\^e}ncia de estruturas arqueol{\'o}gicas ocultadas pelo
dossel florestal",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2019",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2019-06-18",
keywords = "LiDAR, arqueologia, pr{\'e}-colombiano, geoglifos, M{\'e}todo de
Entropia M{\'a}xima (MaxEnt), archeology, pre-columbian,
geoglyph, Maximum Entropy Methods (MaxEnt).",
abstract = "Diversas pesquisas j{\'a} realizadas na floresta Amaz{\^o}nica
apresentam evid{\^e}ncias da extensa popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o
pr{\'e}-colombiana que habitou a {\'a}rea. Desses achados, 96,8%
ocorreram em {\'a}reas submetidas ao desmatamento, 2,7% em bordas
florestais, e somente 0,5% em {\'a}reas preservadas das
a{\c{c}}{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas contempor{\^a}neas. Atualmente,
a descoberta desses s{\'{\i}}tios arqueol{\'o}gicos ainda
ocorre, majoritariamente, posterior ao desmatamento e a
degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o ambiental, que removem o dossel florestal e
revelam as estruturas. Essas a{\c{c}}{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas
destroem elementos arqueol{\'o}gicos importantes que
possibilitariam compreender os estilos de vida humana passada. A
detec{\c{c}}{\~a}o de s{\'{\i}}tios arqueol{\'o}gicos
preservados da era pr{\'e}-colombiana sob florestas densas, tem o
potencial de abrir novas fronteiras de conhecimento na
antropologia, arquitetura, arqueologia, ecologia, novas
hip{\'o}teses sobre o funcionamento e resili{\^e}ncia florestal
{\`a}s mudan{\c{c}}as clim{\'a}ticas globais. Assim, o
principal objetivo do estudo foi detectar {\'a}reas com
presen{\c{c}}a de estruturas arqueol{\'o}gicas inexploradas sob
o dossel florestal e modelar o potencial de ocorr{\^e}ncia destes
s{\'{\i}}tios na Amaz{\^o}nia. Para isso, cerca de 6.000 kmē de
dados de Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), coletados em
diferentes regi{\~o}es foram processados e inspecionados. Esta
an{\'a}lise culminou na descoberta de 24 novas poss{\'{\i}}veis
estruturas pr{\'e}-colombianas na floresta Amaz{\^o}nica.
Destas, 22 foram encontradas sob a cobertura do dossel florestal
amaz{\^o}nico. Ap{\'o}s esta etapa foi utilizado o modelo
preditivo MaxEnt para determinar o potencial de ocorr{\^e}ncia
dos s{\'{\i}}tios arqueol{\'o}gicos na Amaz{\^o}nia. Modelos
foram desenvolvidos para estabelecer a distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o
potencial dos s{\'{\i}}tios, um baseado somente nos dados de
ocorr{\^e}ncias antigas, e outro modelo foi desenvolvido
contemplando tamb{\'e}m as novas descobertas desta
disserta{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Foram utilizadas vari{\'a}veis
ed{\'a}ficas e topogr{\'a}ficas como preditoras, que revelaram
um aumento da {\'a}rea de distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
s{\'{\i}}tios no escudo da Guiana, na calha do rio Amazonas (na
Amaz{\^o}nia central) e no sul da Amaz{\^o}nia. Como resultado,
as novas estruturas arqueol{\'o}gicas identificadas aumentaram em
733% a quantidade de estruturas localizadas em {\'a}reas
preservadas das a{\c{c}}{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas
contempor{\^a}neas, e a modelagem indica que elas ainda podem ser
encontradas em mais de um quarto dos territ{\'o}rios atualmente
inexplorados da floresta Amaz{\^o}nica. Pode-se concluir que a
Amaz{\^o}nia possui distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o abrangente de
{\'a}reas que no passado foram submetidas {\`a} terraplanagem
para abrigar assentamentos pr{\'e}-colombianos, localizados
estrategicamente em {\'a}reas de floresta de terra firme e
v{\'a}rzea. ABSTRACT: Several researches already developed in the
Amazon forest present evidences of extensive pre-Columbian
population that inhabited the area. Of these, 96.8% occurred in
areas subject to deforestation, 2.7% in forest border, and only
0.5% in areas preserved from contemporary anthropogenic actions.
Currently, the discovery of these archaeological sites still
occurs, mostly after deforestation and degradation, which remove
the forest canopy and reveal the structures. These anthropic
actions destroy important archaeological elements that would
enable a broader understand of past human life. Detection of
archaeological sites preserved from the pre-Columbian era under
dense forests has the potential to open new frontiers of knowledge
in anthropology, architecture, archeology, ecology, new hypothesis
about forest functioning and resilience to global climate change.
Thus, the main objective of the study was to detect areas with
unexplored archaeological structures beneath the forest canopy and
model their potential occurrence over the Amazonia. For this,
6,000 kmē of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data collected in
different regions were processed and inspected. This analysis
culminated into the discovery of 24 possible new pre-Columbian
infrastructures in the Amazonia forest. Of these, 22 were found
beneath the forest canopy. After this step the predictive model
MaxEnt was used to define the potential of occurrence of other
archaeological sites in the Amazon. Models were develop to
establish the potential distribution of sites, one based only on
old occurrences data, and another model was developed that also
contemplates the new findings of this dissertation. Edaphic and
topographic variables were used as predictors which revealed an
increase of the sites distributions on the Guyana shield, along
the Amazon River channel (in central Amazonia) and southern
Amazonia. As a result, the newly identified archaeological
structures increased by 733% the amount of structures located in
areas preserved from contemporary anthropogenic actions, and the
modelling indicates that they can still be found in more than a
quarter of the currently uncharted territories of the Amazon
rainforest. It can be concluded that the Amazon has a wide
distribution of areas that in the past were subjected to earthwork
construction for pre-Columbian settlements, located strategically
on areas of upland and floodplain forests.",
committee = "Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral (presidente) and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz
Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de (orientador) and Iriarte, Jos{\'e} and
Levis, Carolina",
englishtitle = "A new paradigm of pre-columbian occupation in the Amazonia: LiDAR
detection and modeling occurrence of archaeological structures
hidden beneath the canopy",
language = "pt",
pages = "116",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3TG9D5P",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3TG9D5P",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}